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What is Networking?


Set of tecnology which communication two tecnical device are called network.

Types of Network

  • Personal Area Network (PAN)
  • Home Area Network (HAN)
  • Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)
  • Campus Area Network(CAN)
  • Wide Area Network(WAN)
  • Local Area Network(LAN)

Personal Area Network (PAN) 
  • Very small scale network
  • Range is less than 2 meters
  • Cell phone, PDAS, MP3 players

Home Area Network (HAN)
  • Small scale network
  • Connects computers and entertainment appliances
  • Found mainly in the home

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
  • Large network that connects different organizations
  • Shares regional resources
  • A network provider sells time

Campus Area Network (CAN)
  • A LAN in one large geographic area
  • Resources related to the same organization
  • Each department shares the LAN

Wide Area Network(WAN)
  • Two or more LANs connected
  • Over a large geographic area
  • Typically use public or leased lines
  1. phone lines
  2. Satellite
  • The INTERNET is a WAN

Local Area Network (LAN)
  • Contains printers, servers and computers
  • System are close to each other
  • Contained in one office or building
  • Organization often have serveral LANs

Basic requirements for create a computer network

  • Network Interface Card (NIC) [LAN Port / Ethernet Port RJ45]
  • Network Media Cable (Connection Wire)
  1. Twisted Pair Cable (STP/UTP)(RJ45) 
  2. Coxial Cable (BNC)
  3. Fiber Optical Cable (SC/ST)
  • Network Devices
  1. Hub
  2. Switch
  3. Router

Hub 
It is a Stupid box which don't have to maintain the Mac address because it is does not have the common sense and its spread the data all over the network. It's work on broadcast.

Switch
It is an electronic device that's maintain the MAC address which also knows as central device it's use for unique cast. Switch has common sense & it learn own mistake.

Router
It is a network device that forward data packet's between computer and network router perform the traffic directing function on the internet. Such as webpage , e-mail. Router get short path and forward the packet in network .

Topology

A Network Topology refers to the layout of the computer's and device in a communication network.
  • Star Network
  • Bus Network
  • Ring Network
  • Mess Network
  • Tree Network




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